ABSTRACT
Purpose@#Anterior gradient 3 (AGR3) belongs to human anterior gradient (AGR) family. The function of AGR3 on cancer remains unknown. This research aimed to investigate if AGR3 had prognostic values in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast cancer and could promote tumor progression. @*Materials and Methods@#AGR3 expression was detected in breast benign lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ and IDC by immunohistochemistry analysis. AGR3’s correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis of IDC patients were analyzed. By cell function experiments, collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug sensitivity test and cytotoxic analysis, AGR3’s impacts on proliferation, invasion ability, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of breast cancer cells were also detected. @*Results@#AGR3 was up-regulated in luminal subtype of histological grade I-II of IDC patients and positively correlated with high risks of recurrence and distant metastasis. AGR3 high expression could lead to bone or liver metastasis and predict poor prognosis of luminal B. In cell lines, AGR3 could promote proliferation and invasion ability of breast cancer cells which were consistent with clinical analysis. Besides, AGR3 could indicate poor prognosis of breast cancer patients treated with taxane but a favorable prognosis with 5-fluoropyrimidines. And breast cancer cells with AGR3 high expression were resistant to taxane but sensitive to 5-fluoropyrimidines. @*Conclusion@#AGR3 might be a potential prognostic indicator in luminal B subtype of IDC patients of histological grade I-II. And patients with AGR3 high expression should be treated with chemotherapy regimens consisting of 5-fluoropyrimidines but no taxane.
ABSTRACT
Objectives To investigate the application modes of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography,digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and methylene blue angiography in the hybrid surgery of cerebral and spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and to compare the application value of different intraoperative angiographic methods.Methods From July 2013 to December 2015,55 patients treated with hybrid surgery of cerebral and spinal AVMs in Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were analyzed retrospectively,including 8 patients with cerebral AVM(Spetzler-Martin grade ≥Ⅲ) and 47 with spinal AVM.Their mean age was 33.8±15.6 years.Intraoperative DSA was performed in a hybrid operation room and methylene blue angiography was performed via the feeding artery.ICG angiography was performed in 4 cases in the initial stage as a comparison.Anatomic cure was confirmed by DSA at 3 months after surgery and the results were assessed.Results All 55 patients performed intraoperative DSA,32 underwent methylene blue angiography and 4 performed intraoperative ICG angiography.The frequency of intraoperative DSA was 3.6±1.3 times for each case.After the resection of the first lesion,the residual lesions revealed by DSA accounted for 27.3% (15/55).85.5% (47/55) patients achieved anatomic cure,in which the patients with midbrain AVM (8/8) and spinal AVM 83.0% (39/47) achieved anatomic cure.Three patients were lost to follow up at 1 year after procedure.The median modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of the cerebral AVMs was 2.0 (0.0-3.8).Compared with 3.5 (2.0-4.0) before procedure,there was significant difference (Z=-2.264,P0.05).The patients with function preservation (function score equal or better than pre-operation) accounted for 88.5% (46/52).Conclusions Intraoperative DSA could precisely localize the nidi and verify the complete resection.Intraoperative methylene blue angiography could selectively reveal the feeding artery supplied nidi in the operative field and identify the angioarchitecture.ICG angiography could reveal the structures of nidi on the surface of the operation area.The intraoperative methylene blue angiography could replace ICG angiography and achieve the treatment target of anatomical cure of the hybrid surgery of the cerebral and spinal cord vascular malformations.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnostic and treatment results of arteriovenous fistula of cauda equina.Methods From January 2000 to December 2015,9 Patients with arteriovenous fistula of cauda diagnosed and treated at the Department of Neurosurgery,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled retrospectively,including 6 males and 3 females.Their ages were 17-58 (mean 39±14) years.The diagnoses were confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or surgery (the lesions were located on the cauda equine,which were fed by the arterial supply of the nerve root,and the drainage vein flowed upward into the perimedullary vein).The clinical data,imaging data,and treatment follow-up results of the patients were analyzed.Results The patients presented with weakness of both lower extremities and disturbances of bowel movement and urination.Aminoff Logue score for spinal function was 7.2±3.2 before procedure.The median course of disease was 6.0 (4.5-18.0) months.Angiography showed that the vascular architecture types of the lesions were divided into simple fistula type and micro-nidus type.The feeding arteries were all the nerve root branches of the internal iliac artery.Three patients complicated with conical part of the intramedullary arteriovenous malformations.Eight patients were treated with endovascular embolization,one was treated by operation.No patients were treated with combined interventional surgery,and no surgery-related complications were observed.The mean follow-up duration was 20.1±6.7 months.Imaging follow-up showed that they all reached anatomic cure.Aminoff Logue score dropped to 4.6±2.8 after treatment.There were significant differences before and after treatment in Aminoff Logue score of the patients (t=4.276,P<0.05).Conclusions The nerve root arteriovenous fistula of the cauda equina can be diagnosed by DSA findings.Symptomatic patients are eligible for the indication of endovascular or surgical treatment.Anatomy and functional prognosis are satisfactory after treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of different clipping time of first time using permanent aneurysm clips on common carotid artery wall in rabbitsMethods Sixty healthy male Japanese white rabbits were selected.The first time permanent aneurysm clips were used to clip common carotid artery for 30 min or 60 min respectively according to the random number method (n=30 in each group).Thirty segments of common carotid artery specimens clipped by aneurysm clips were collected respectively.Mean-Whitney U test was used to conduct the comparison of histopathological damage grade of vascular wall.Results The aneurysm clips were use to clip 30 min and 60 min caused vascular wall injury could observe the middle elastic plastic plate deformation and endothelial denudation.The vascular walls in the clipping 60 min group had local necrosis with inflammatory response,and even rupture of vascular wall.There were significant differences in overall damage degree of vascular wall (U=324.00,P=0.045) and severe injury rate (0%[0/30] vs.20.0%[6/30],P=0.031) between the clipping 30 min group and the clipping 60 min group (all P<0.05).Conclusion The vascular wall injury of using disposable permanent aneurysm clips for clipping 60 min was more severe than 30 min.Attention should be paid to shortening the time of carotid artery occlusion in operation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging features of dural arterio-venous fistula of super petrosal venous drainage and treatment. Methods From May 2013 to September 2014,9 patients with petrosal vein drained dural arteriovenous fistula at the Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University and the Department of Neurosurgery,Beijing Haidian Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. The patients were treated with endovascular embolization or microsurgery,and the MRI and DSA examinations were improved,and the scores of the modified Aminoff&Logue scale (ALS) were performed before and after treatment. Results In the 9 patients,there were 3 females and 6 males. They all had different degrees of limb sensory and motor abnormalities,7 of them also had urination and/or bowel disorders,4 had cranial nerve dysfunction,including hoarseness,bucking,hiccup,and paralysis. Six patients received embolization treatment,3 received microsurgery,and they all achieved anatomic cure. The preoperative ALS score was 6. 0 ± 2. 7,and the score at 3 months after procedure was 2. 8 ± 1. 7. There was significant difference between before and after treatment (t=4. 816,P<0. 05). Conclusions The petrosal vein drained dural arteriovenous fistula is a kind of rare cerebrovascular malformation. The lesion involves a wide range. The clinical manifestations are severe. Both endovascular embolization and microsurgery can achieve a more ideal therapeutic effect. If the vascular condition is permitted,the interventional embolization treatment should be preferred.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the operation key points and therapeutic effect using the pressure cooker technique (PCT)for embolization of the dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF)at the petrous apex region. Methods The clinical data of 4 patients with DAVF at the petrous apex region admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from October 2015 to February 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The PCT technique was used to conduct embolization therapy. Results DSA confirmed that 4 patients had DAVF at the petrous apex region with the multi-branch artery blood supply and they were drained via the superior petrosal veins. The patients were embolized by using PCT. DSA confirmed that they were embolized completely after procedure. They were followed up at 3months after surgery and their symptoms were improved. Conclusion For DAVF at the petrous apex region with the multi-branch artery blood supply,the preliminary experience shows that PCT technique may improve the efficiency of embolization,thereby obtaining anatomical cure.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the expression of aquaporin1 (AQP1) in human glioma tissues and its relationship with the clini-copathological parameters and prognosis of this tumor. This study also observed the function of AQP1 in the proliferation and invasion of LN229 glioblastoma cells. Methods:The expression of AQP1 in 135 cases of glioma was detected by immunohistochemical meth-od, and the correlation between AQP1 and pathological features of glioma was analyzed. The relationship of AQP1 with survival was al-so investigated using 103 specimens with complete clinical data. AQP1 was successfully transfected into LN229 cells with lentiviral vector, and the expression of AQP1 protein was tested by Western blot. Cell proliferation was detected by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazo-lium assay, whereas cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. Results:The expression of AQP1 was positively correlated with pathological grading. High AQP1 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P<0.05). Moreover, the overexpression of AQP1 can significantly increase the proliferation and invasion of LN229 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion:AQP1 is closely associated with the progres-sion of glioma. Upregulation of the AQP1 expression promoted the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells. These findings indicat-ed that AQP1 can function as a therapeutic target for glioma in future research.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Paclitaxel (PAC) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for most breast cancer patients, but clinical studies showed that some breast cancer patients were insensitive to PAC, which led to chemotherapy failure. It was reported that Notch1 signaling participated in drug resistance of breast cancer. Here, we show whether Notch1 expression is related to PAC sensitivity of breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We employed Notch1 siRNA and Notch1 inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester (DAPT), to down regulate Notch1 expression in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, and detected the inhibition effect by Western blotting and reverse trans cription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. After 24 hours exposure to different concentration of PAC (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 µg/ml), the viability of the control group and experimental group cells was tested by MTT. We also examined the expression of Notch1 in PAC sensitive and nonsensitive breast cancer patients, respectively by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The PAC sensitivity of breast cancer patients were identified by collagen gel droplet embedded culture-drug sensitivity test (CD-DST).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Down regulation of Notch1 expression by Notch1siRNA interference or Notch1 inhibitor increased the PAC sensitivity in MDA-MB-231 cells (P < 0.05). Also, the expression of Notch1 in PAC sensitive patients was much lower than that of PAC non-sensitive patients (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Notch1 expression has an effect on PAC sensitivity in breast cancer patients, and the inhibition of Notch1 increases paclitaxel sensitivity to human breast cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms , Metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival , Dipeptides , Pharmacology , Immunohistochemistry , Paclitaxel , Pharmacology , Receptor, Notch1 , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a specific protein that transports water molecules through the cell membrane. AQP1 mainly ex-presses in the choroid plexus epithelial cells of the central nervous system and participates in the formation of cerebrospinal fluid. In gli-omas, AQP1 expresses in neoplastic astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. AQP1 expression is increased in parallel with histological grade in gliomas. AQP1 expression in gliosarcoma cell line is induced by dexamethasone, platelet-derived growth factor, sodium chlo-ride, hypoxia, D-glucose, and fructose. AQP1 mRNA expression is upregulated with increasing dosage. Through the expression of AQP1 in gliomas and the existing research on its function, we suggest that AQP1 may participate in tumor angiogenesis and tumor-relat-ed edema. AQP1 is closely associated with glioma cell migration. The function of AQP1 and its mechanism has been elucidated. Thus, this protein can be used as a new therapeutic target to inhibit the metastasis and recurrence of gliomas.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the functions of the ITSN1-S SH3 domains in U87 glioblastoma cell proliferation and to de-termine the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: A recombinant lentiviral vector with an mGFP label was constructed. EH1-EH2, EH1-EH2-CC, and ITSN1-S genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and then cloned into recombinant lenti-viral vectors. The four lentiviral plasmids were packaged using HEK 293T cells and subsequently used to infect U87 cells. Stable cells were screened using puromycin and separately labeled as vector/U87, EH1-EH2/U87, EH1-EH2-CC/U87, and ITSN1-S/U87. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of each protein. Proliferation and soft agar assays were performed to detect cell proliferation. Results:In the proliferation and soft agar assays, the proliferation capacity of the ITSN1-S/U87 cells was clearly enhanced compared with those of the vector/U87, EH1-EH2/U87, and EH1-EH2-CC/U87 cells (P0.05). On the 6th day, the vector/U87, EH1-EH2/U87, EH1-EH2-CC/U87, and ITSN1-S/U87 cell numbers were (29.16 ± 1.19) × 104, (22.82 ± 0.94) × 104, (22.17 ± 0.90) × 104, and (21.93 ± 1.15) × 104, respectively. On the 21st day, the number of colony formation in vector/U87, EH1-EH2/U87, EH1-EH2-CC/U87, and ITSN1-S/U87 was (6.37±0.41)×103, (2.65±0.34)×103, (2.23±0.31)×103, and (2.1±0.29)×103, respectively . Conclusion:ITSN1-S overexpression significantly promotes U87 cell proliferation. Specifically, the SH3 domains possibly serve vital functions in glioma cell proliferation.
ABSTRACT
This is a comparative study on the efficacy of differential cell apoptosis induced by three methods (intracellular hyperthermia, with water bath hyperthermia and extracellular hyperthermia) in human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A1 cells in vitro. The effects of hyperthermia on cell apoptosis were determined by Transmission electron microscopy(TEM), agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry methods, respectively. The intracellular effect of particle heating was compared with that of water bath hyperthermia and extracellular hyperthermia; significant differences between these heating methods were detected, the rate of apoptosis being 36.59%, 5.66%, 7.78% respectively. When treated with intracellular hyperthermia, the SPC-A1 cells manifested typical morphological characters of apoptosis by TEM observation, and the SPC-A1 cell DNA was degraded into large fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis assay. Our results showed that amino-silane Fe3O4 induced intracellular hyperthermia was superior to water bath hyperthermia and extracellular hyperthermia. It is mainly the interaction between intracellular nanoparticles and cell that induced apoptosis. Therefore, the aminosilane-coated Fe3O4 may be used in hyperthermia or chemotherapeutics on cancer cells for further clinical application.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenocarcinoma , Pathology , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Hot Temperature , Lung Neoplasms , Pathology , MagneticsABSTRACT
Based on the study of extraction of DNA using carboxyl-coated Fe3O4, here we provide a rapid, high efficient, safe and economical method. Using fluorescent dye-Sybr Green I, the quantification of double-strand DNA exhibits the advantages of high sensitivity,good repeatability and convenience.